POSTERIOR CORNEAL DYSTROPHIES

Cornea Guttata of vogt
This condition is characterised by drop-like excrescences involving the entire posterior surface of Descemet's membrane. These are similar to Hassal- Henle bodies which represent the age change and are mainly found in the

STROMAL CORNEAL DYSTROPHIES

Granular dystrophy
Also known as 'Groenouw type I, is an autosomal
dominant dystrophy characterised by milky-granular
hyaline deposits in anterior stroma. Intervening
stroma is

Anterior corneal dystrophies

ANTERIOR DYSTROPHIES

Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
Also known as Cogan's microcystic dystrophy and
map-dot finger print dystrophy, is the most common
of all corneal dystrophies seen in working age adults.
The typical lesions, involving corneal

CORNEAL PATHOLOGICAL DEGENERATIONS

Fatty degeneration (Lipoid keratopathy)
Fatty degeneration of cornea is characterised by whitish or yellowish deposits. The fat deposits mostly consist of cholesterol and fatty acids. Initially fat deposits are intracellular but some become extracellular with necrosis of stromal

corneal AGE-RELATED DEGENERATIONS

Arcus senilis
Arcus senilis refers to an annular lipid infiltration of corneal periphery. This is an age-related change occurring bilaterally in 60 percent of patients between
40 and 60 years of age and in nearly all patients over the age of 80. Sometimes, similar changes occur in young persons (arcus juvenilis) which may or may
not be associated with hyperlipidemia. The arcus starts in the superior

CORNEAL DEGENERATIONS

Corneal degenerations refers to the conditions in which the normal cells undergo some degenerative changes under the influence of age or some
pathological

Tuberculous interstitial keratitis & Cogan's syndrome

 Tuberculous interstitial keratitis

The features of tubercular interstitial keratitis are
similar to syphilitic interstitial keratitis except that it

is more frequently unilateral and sectorial (usually
involving a lower sector of cornea).

Treatment consists of systemic antitubercular drugs,
topical steroids and cycloplegics.

Cogan's syndrome
This syndrome comprises the interstitial keratitis of
unkown etiology, acute tinnitis, vertigo, and
deafness. It typically occurs in middle-aged adults
and is often bilateral.

Treatment consists of topical and systemic corticosteroids. An early treatment usually prevents permanent deafness and blindness.
 

Syphilitic (luetic) interstitial keratitis

INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
Interstitial keratitis denotes an inflammation of the corneal stroma without primary involvement of the epithelium or endothelium.

Causes. Its common causes are:
Congenital syphilis
Tuberculosis
Cogan's syndrome
Acquired syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Malaria
Leprosy
Sarcoidosis

Syphilitic (luetic) interstitial keratitis
Syphilitic interstitial keratitis is associated more frequently (90 percent) with congenital

FILAMENTARY KERATITIS

It is a type of superficial punctate keratitis, associated with formation of corneal epithelial filaments.

Pathogenesis
Corneal filaments which essentially consist of a tag of elongated epithelium are formed due to aberrant epithelial healing. Therefore, any condition that leads
to focal epithelial erosion may produce filamentary

THYGESON'S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS

THYGESON'S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS a type of chronic, recurrent bilateral superficial punctate keratitis, which has got a specific clinical identity.

Etiology
Exact etiology is not known. 

• A viral origin has been suggested without any conclusion. 
• An allergic or dyskeratotic nature also has been suggested owing to its response to

SUPERIOR LIMBIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis of Theodore is the name given to inflammation of superior limbic, bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva associated with
punctate keratitis of the superior part of

PHOTO-OPHTHALMIA

Photo-ophthalmia refers to occurrence of multiple
epithelial erosions due to the effect of ultraviolet rays
especially from 311 to 290μ.
Causes
1. Exposure to bright light of a short circuit.
2. Exposure to a naked arc light as in industrial welding and cinema

NON-ULCERATIVE SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS

NON-ULCERATIVE SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS group includes a number of conditions of varied

etiology. Here the inflammatory reaction is confined to epithelium, Bowman's membrane and superficial stromal lamellae. Non-ulcerative superficial keratitis may present in two

MOOREN'S ULCER

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The Mooren's ulcer (chronic serpiginous or rodent ulcer) is a severe inflammatory peripheral ulcerative keratitis.

Etiology
Exact etiology is not known. Different views are :
1. It is an idiopathic degenerative conditon.
2. It may be due to an ischaemic necrosis resulting from vasculitis of limbal vessels.
3. It may be due to the effects

ROSACEA KERATITIS

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ROSACEA KERATITIS is defined as : Corneal ulceration is seen in about 10 percent cases of acne rosacea, which is primarily a disease of the sebaceous glands of the skin.

Clinical features
1. The condition typically occurs in elderly women in the form of facial eruptions presenting as butterfly configuration, predominantly involving
the malar and nasal

EXPOSURE KERATITIS

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Normally cornea is covered by eyelids during sleep and is constantly kept moist by blinking movements during awaking. When eyes are covered insufficiently by the lids and there is loss of protective mechanism of blinking the condition of exposure

NEUROPARALYTIC KERATITIS

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Neuroparalytic keratitis occurs due to paralysis of the sensory nerve supply of the cornea.
Causes

 
I. Congenital
1. Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome)
2. Congenital insensitivity to Pain.
3. Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
II. Acquired
1. Following alcohol-block or electrocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion or section of the sensory root of trigeminal nerve for trigeminal neuralgia.
2. A neoplasm pressing on Gasserian