pinguecula

Pinguecula is an extremely common degenerative condition of the conjunctiva. It is characterized by formation of a yellowish white patch on the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. This condition is termed pinguecula, because of its resemblance to fat, which means pinguis.

Etiology of pinguecula is not known exactly. It has
been considered as an age-change, occurring more
commonly in persons exposed to
  strong sunlight, dust
and wind. It is also considered a precursor of
pterygium.

Pathology. There is an elastotic degeneration of
collagen fibres of the substantia propria of
conjunctiva, coupled with deposition of amorphous
hyaline material in the substance of conjunctiva.

Clinical features. Pinguecula (Fig. 1) is a bilateral,
usually stationary condition, presenting as yellowish white
triangular patch near the limbus. Apex of the
triangle is away from the cornea. It affects the nasal
side first and then the temporal side. When
conjunctiva is congested, it stands out as an
avascular prominence.

Fig. 1. Pinguecula.

Complications of pinguecula include its
inflammation, intraepithelial abscess formation and
rarely conversion into pterygium.

Treatment. In routine no treatment is required for
pinguecula. However, if so desired, it may be excised.