Simple hyperaemia of conjunctiva (one of SYMPTOMATIC CONDITIONS OF CONJUNCTIVA) : means congestion of the conjunctival vessels without being associated with any of the established diseases.
Etiology. It may be acute and transient, or recurrent
and chronic.
1. Acute transient hyperaemia. It results due to temporary irritation caused by: (i) Direct irritants such as a foreign body, misdirected cilia, concretions, dust, chemical fumes, smoke, stormy wind, bright light, extreme cold, extreme heat and simple rubbing of eyes with
hands; (ii) Reflex hyperaemia due to eye strain, from inflammations of nasal cavity, lacrimal passages and lids; (iii) Hyperaemia associated with systemic febrile conditions; (iv) Non-specific inflammation of conjunctiva.
2. Recurrent or chronic hyperaemia. It is often noticed in chronic smokers, chronic alcoholics, people residing in dusty, ill-ventilated rooms, workers exposed to prolonged heat, in patients with rosacea and in patients suffering from insomnia or otherwise having less sleep.
Clinical features. Patients with simple hyperaemia usually complain of a feeling of discomfort, heaviness, grittiness, tiredness and tightness in the
eyes. There may be associated mild lacrimation and minimal mucoid discharge. On cursory examination, the conjunctiva often looks normal. However, eversion of the lids may reveal mild to moderate congestion being more marked in fornices.
Treatment. It consists of removal of the cause of hyperaemia. In acute transient hyperaemia the removal of irritants (e.g., misdirected cilia) gives prompt relief.
Symptomatic relief may be achieved by use of topical decongestants (e.g., 1:10000 adrenaline drops) or astringent drops (e.g., zinc-boric acid drops).
CHEMOSIS OF CONJUNCTIVA (one of SYMPTOMATIC CONDITIONS OF CONJUNCTIVA)
Chemosis or oedema of the conjunctiva is of frequent occurrence owing to laxity of the tissue.
Causes. The common causes of chemosis can be
grouped as under:
1. Local inflammatory conditions. These include conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, fulminating iridocyclitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis, styes, acute meibomitis, orbital cellulitis, acute dacryoadenitis, acute dacryocystitis, tenonitis and so on.
2. Local obstruction to flow of blood and/or lymph. It may occur in patients with orbital tumours, cysts, endocrine exophthalmos, orbital pseudotumours, cavernous sinus thrombosis, carotico-cavernous fistula, blockage of orbital
lymphatics following orbital surgery, acute congestive glaucoma etc.
3. Systemic causes. These include severe anaemia and hypoproteinaemia, congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, urticaria, and angioneurotic
oedema.
Clinical features and management of chemosis depends largely upon the causative factor.
Etiology. It may be acute and transient, or recurrent
and chronic.
1. Acute transient hyperaemia. It results due to temporary irritation caused by: (i) Direct irritants such as a foreign body, misdirected cilia, concretions, dust, chemical fumes, smoke, stormy wind, bright light, extreme cold, extreme heat and simple rubbing of eyes with
hands; (ii) Reflex hyperaemia due to eye strain, from inflammations of nasal cavity, lacrimal passages and lids; (iii) Hyperaemia associated with systemic febrile conditions; (iv) Non-specific inflammation of conjunctiva.
2. Recurrent or chronic hyperaemia. It is often noticed in chronic smokers, chronic alcoholics, people residing in dusty, ill-ventilated rooms, workers exposed to prolonged heat, in patients with rosacea and in patients suffering from insomnia or otherwise having less sleep.
Clinical features. Patients with simple hyperaemia usually complain of a feeling of discomfort, heaviness, grittiness, tiredness and tightness in the
eyes. There may be associated mild lacrimation and minimal mucoid discharge. On cursory examination, the conjunctiva often looks normal. However, eversion of the lids may reveal mild to moderate congestion being more marked in fornices.
Treatment. It consists of removal of the cause of hyperaemia. In acute transient hyperaemia the removal of irritants (e.g., misdirected cilia) gives prompt relief.
Symptomatic relief may be achieved by use of topical decongestants (e.g., 1:10000 adrenaline drops) or astringent drops (e.g., zinc-boric acid drops).
CHEMOSIS OF CONJUNCTIVA (one of SYMPTOMATIC CONDITIONS OF CONJUNCTIVA)
Chemosis or oedema of the conjunctiva is of frequent occurrence owing to laxity of the tissue.
Causes. The common causes of chemosis can be
grouped as under:
1. Local inflammatory conditions. These include conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, fulminating iridocyclitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis, styes, acute meibomitis, orbital cellulitis, acute dacryoadenitis, acute dacryocystitis, tenonitis and so on.
2. Local obstruction to flow of blood and/or lymph. It may occur in patients with orbital tumours, cysts, endocrine exophthalmos, orbital pseudotumours, cavernous sinus thrombosis, carotico-cavernous fistula, blockage of orbital
lymphatics following orbital surgery, acute congestive glaucoma etc.
3. Systemic causes. These include severe anaemia and hypoproteinaemia, congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, urticaria, and angioneurotic
oedema.
Clinical features and management of chemosis depends largely upon the causative factor.
No comments :
Post a Comment
Waiting for your comments