KERATOCONUS , KERATOGLOBUS , KERATOCONUS POSTERIOR

KERATOCONUS
Keratoconus (conical cornea) (Fig. 1) is a noninflammatory bilateral (85%) ectatic condition of cornea in its axial part. It usually starts at puberty and progresses slowly.

Etiopathogenesis. It is still not clear. Various theoriesproposed so far label it as developmental condition,degenerative condition, hereditary dystrophy and

THYGESON'S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS

THYGESON'S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS a type of chronic, recurrent bilateral superficial punctate keratitis, which has got a specific clinical identity.

Etiology
Exact etiology is not known. 

• A viral origin has been suggested without any conclusion. 
• An allergic or dyskeratotic nature also has been suggested owing to its response to

NON-ULCERATIVE SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS

NON-ULCERATIVE SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS group includes a number of conditions of varied

etiology. Here the inflammatory reaction is confined to epithelium, Bowman's membrane and superficial stromal lamellae. Non-ulcerative superficial keratitis may present in two

EXPOSURE KERATITIS

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Normally cornea is covered by eyelids during sleep and is constantly kept moist by blinking movements during awaking. When eyes are covered insufficiently by the lids and there is loss of protective mechanism of blinking the condition of exposure

Phlyctenular keratitis.

Corneal involvement may occur secondarily from extension of conjunctival
phlycten; or rarely as a primary disease. It may present in two forms: the 'ulcerative phlyctenular keratitis' or 'diffuse infiltrative keratitis'.

A. Ulcerative phlyctenular keratitis may occur in the following three forms:
1. Sacrofulous ulcer is a shallow marginal ulcer formed due to breakdown of small limbal phlycten. It differs from the catarrhal ulcer in that there is no clear space between the ulcer and the limbus and its

GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNCTIVITIS (GPC)

Giant papillary conjunctivitis is the inflammation of conjunctiva with formation of very large sized papillae.

Etiology. It is a localised allergic response to a physically rough or deposited surface (contact lens, prosthesis, left out nylon sutures). Probably it is

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC)

Atopic  keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) can be thought of as an adult equivalent of vernal keratoconjunctivitis and is often associated with atopic dermatitis. Most of the patients are young atopic adults, with male predominance.

Symptoms include:

• Itching, soreness, dry sensation.
• Mucoid discharge.
• Photophobia or blurred vision.

Signs

• Lid margins are chronically inflamed with

VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

vernal keratoconjunctivitis (vkc) or spring catarrh
It is a recurrent, bilateral, interstitial, self-limiting, allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva having a periodic seasonal incidence.

Etiology
It is considered a hypersensitivity reaction to some exogenous allergen, such as grass pollens. VKC is thought to be an atopic allergic disorder in many
cases, in which IgE-mediated mechanisms play an important role. Such patients may give personal or family history of

ACUTE FOLLICULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS

Acute follicular conjunctivitis is an acute catarrhal conjunctivitis"OR KNOWN AS ACUTE MUCOPURULENT CONJUNCTIVITIS" associated with marked follicular hyperplasia especially of the lower fornix and lower palpebral conjunctiva.

General clinical features
Symptoms are similar to acute catarrhal conjunctivitis and include: redness, watering, mild mucoid discharge, mild photophobia and feeling of