corneal ulcer Pathogenesis and pathology

Pathology of corneal ulcer Once the damaged corneal epithelium is invaded by the offending agents the sequence of pathological changes which occur during development of corneal ulcer can be described under four stages, viz., infiltration, active ulceration, regression and cicatrization. The terminal course of corneal ulcer depends upon the virulence of infecting

Blood supply of conjunctiva

Arteries supplying the conjunctiva are derived from
three sources (Fig. 1):

(1) peripheral arterial arcade of the eyelid;
(2) marginal arcade of the eyelid; and
(3) anterior ciliary arteries.

• Palpebral conjunctiva and fornices are supplied by branches from the peripheral and marginal arterial arcades of the eyelids.
• Bulbar conjunctiva is supplied by two sets of vessels: the posterior conjunctival arteries which are branches from the

Refractive surgery for presbyopia

Refractive surgery for presbyopia, still under trial,
includes :

• Monovision LASIK, i.e., one eye is corrected for distance and other is made slightly near sighted.
• Monovision conductive keratoplasty (CK) is being considered increasingly to correct presbyopia in one eye. Principle is same as for correction of hypermetropia.
• Scleral expansion procedures are being tried, but results are controversial.
• LASIK-PARM i.e., LASIK by Presbyopia Avalos Rozakis Method is a technique undertrial in which the shape of the

what is Cornea , Sclera , Choroid , Ciliary body

Cornea
1. Epithelium is formed from the surface ectoderm.
2. Other layers viz. endothelium, Descemet's..