Syphilitic (luetic) interstitial keratitis

INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
Interstitial keratitis denotes an inflammation of the corneal stroma without primary involvement of the epithelium or endothelium.

Causes. Its common causes are:
Congenital syphilis
Tuberculosis
Cogan's syndrome
Acquired syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Malaria
Leprosy
Sarcoidosis

Syphilitic (luetic) interstitial keratitis
Syphilitic interstitial keratitis is associated more frequently (90 percent) with congenital

THYGESON'S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS

THYGESON'S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS a type of chronic, recurrent bilateral superficial punctate keratitis, which has got a specific clinical identity.

Etiology
Exact etiology is not known. 

• A viral origin has been suggested without any conclusion. 
• An allergic or dyskeratotic nature also has been suggested owing to its response to

NON-ULCERATIVE SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS

NON-ULCERATIVE SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS group includes a number of conditions of varied

etiology. Here the inflammatory reaction is confined to epithelium, Bowman's membrane and superficial stromal lamellae. Non-ulcerative superficial keratitis may present in two

ROSACEA KERATITIS

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ROSACEA KERATITIS is defined as : Corneal ulceration is seen in about 10 percent cases of acne rosacea, which is primarily a disease of the sebaceous glands of the skin.

Clinical features
1. The condition typically occurs in elderly women in the form of facial eruptions presenting as butterfly configuration, predominantly involving
the malar and nasal

EXPOSURE KERATITIS

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Normally cornea is covered by eyelids during sleep and is constantly kept moist by blinking movements during awaking. When eyes are covered insufficiently by the lids and there is loss of protective mechanism of blinking the condition of exposure

NEUROPARALYTIC KERATITIS

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Neuroparalytic keratitis occurs due to paralysis of the sensory nerve supply of the cornea.
Causes

 
I. Congenital
1. Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome)
2. Congenital insensitivity to Pain.
3. Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
II. Acquired
1. Following alcohol-block or electrocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion or section of the sensory root of trigeminal nerve for trigeminal neuralgia.
2. A neoplasm pressing on Gasserian

HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is an acute infection of Gasserian ganglion of the fifth cranial nerve by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It constitutes approximately 10 percent of all cases of herpes zoster.

Etiology
Varicella -zoster virus. It is a DNA virus and produces acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. It is neurotropic in nature.

Mode of infection. The infection is contracted in childhood, which manifests as chickenpox and the child develops immunity. The virus then remains
dormant in the sensory ganglion of trigeminal nerve. It is thought that, usually in elderly people (can occur at any age) with depressed

HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS

Ocular infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) are extremely common and constitute herpetic keratoconjunctivitis and iritis.
Etiology
Herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is a DNA virus. Its only natural host is man. Basically HSV is epitheliotropic but may become neurotropic.
According to different clinical and immunological
properties, HSV is of two types: HSV type I typically
causes infection above the

ULCERATIVE KERATITIS

Inflammation of the cornea (keratitis) is characterised by corneal oedema, cellular infiltration and ciliary congestion.

ULCERATIVE KERATITIS
Corneal ulcer may be defined as discontinuation in normal epithelial surface of cornea associated with necrosis of the surrounding corneal tissue.
Pathologically it is characterised by oedema and cellular infiltration. Common types of corneal ulcers are described below.INFECTIVE KERATITIS
BACTERIAL CORNEAL ULCER
Being the most anterior part of eyeball, the cornea is exposed to atmosphere and hence prone to get infected easily. At the same time cornea is protected
from the day-to-day minor infections by the