SIMPLE HYPERAEMIA OF CONJUNCTIVA

Simple hyperaemia of conjunctiva (one of SYMPTOMATIC CONDITIONS OF CONJUNCTIVA) :  means congestion of the conjunctival vessels without being associated with any of the established diseases.

Etiology. It may be acute and transient, or recurrent
and chronic.
1. Acute transient hyperaemia. It results due to temporary irritation caused by: (i) Direct irritants such as a foreign body, misdirected cilia, concretions, dust, chemical fumes, smoke, stormy wind, bright light, extreme cold, extreme heat and simple rubbing of eyes with

PHLYCTENULAR KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is a characteristic nodular affection occurring as an allergic response of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium to some endogenous allergens to which they have become sensitized. Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is of worldwide distribution. However, its incidence is higher in developing countries.
Etiology
It is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV-cell mediated) response to endogenous microbial proteins.
I. Causative allergens
1. Tuberculous proteins were considered, previously, as the most common cause.
2. Staphylococcus proteins are

SIMPLE ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS

Simple allergic conjunctivitis is a mild, non-specific allergic conjunctivitis
characterized by itching, hyperaemia and mild papillary response. Basically, it is an acute or sub acute urticarial reaction.

Etiology
It is seen in following forms:
1. Hay fever conjunctivitis. It is commonly associated with hay fever (allergic rhinitis). The common allergens are pollens, grass and

VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS

Most of the viral infections tend to affect the epithelium, both of the conjunctiva and cornea, so, the typical viral lesion is a 'keratoconjunctivitis'. In some viral infections, conjunctival involvement is more prominent (e.g., pharyngo-conjunctival fever), while in others cornea is more involved (e.g., herpes simplex).

Viral infections of conjunctiva include:

• Adenovirus conjunctivitis
• Herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis
• Herpes zoster conjunctivitis
• Pox virus conjunctivitis
• Myxovirus conjunctivitis
• Paramyxovirus conjunctivitis
• ARBOR virus conjunctivitis

Clinical presentations. Acute viral conjunctivitis may
present in

INFLAMMATIONS OF CONJUNCTIVA

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) is
classically defined as conjunctival hyperaemia
associated with a discharge which may be watery,
mucoid, mucopurulent or purulent.

Etiological classification
1. Infective conjunctivitis: bacterial, chlamydial, viral, fungal, rickettsial, spirochaetal, protozoal, parasitic etc.
2. Allergic conjunctivitis.

3. Irritative conjunctivitis.
4. Keratoconjunctivitis associated with